Ngaba Ukunciphisa i-PM2.5 Kunokunciphisa Ukwanda kweSifo se-Alzheimer?

I-PM2.5 ibhekisa kwi-particle matter emoyeni ojikelezileyo enobubanzi obulingana ne-aerodynamic obuyi-2.5 micrometers okanye ngaphantsi, okwaziwa ngokuba yi-fine particulate matter. Ububanzi bayo bungaphantsi kwe-1/20th yobukhulu beenwele zomntu, nto leyo evumela la masuntswana mancinci ukuba ahlale exhonywe emoyeni ixesha elide.

Imithombo ibandakanya ukukhutshwa ngokuthe ngqo komoya ovela ekutshisweni kwamalahle, ukukhutshwa komoya ophuma kwizithuthi ezisebenzisa ioyile, uthuli lwendlela, uthuli lwezakhiwo, uthuli lwemizi-mveliso, umsi wasekhitshini, ukutshisa inkunkuma, kunye nokutshiswa kweengca, kunye namasuntswana amancinci esibini enziwe ziimpendulo zeekhemikhali ezintsonkothileyo zesulfur dioxide, ii-nitrogen oxides, kunye neekhompawundi ze-organic eziguquguqukayo emoyeni.

Umzekelo, kwizixeko, izithuthi ezininzi zikhupha umphunga one-PM2.5; kwimimandla esemantla ngexesha lasebusika, iibhoyila ezisebenzisa amalahle zokufudumeza ezisetyenziswa kwindawo enye nazo zivelisa inani elikhulu le-PM2.5.

Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuncinci, umxholo ophezulu wezinto ezinobungozi nezinobungozi, ixesha elide lokuhlala emoyeni, kunye nomgama omde wokuhamba, i-PM2.5 inempembelelo enkulu kwimpilo yabantu kunye nomgangatho womoya. Ingahamba imigama emide kwaye ichaphazele iindawo ezinkulu.

Xa iphefumlwa, i-PM2.5 ingena ngqo kwi-bronchi, iphazamisane nokutshintshiselana kwegesi emiphungeni, kwaye ibangele izifo ezifana ne-asthma, i-bronchitis, kunye nesifo sentliziyo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba amasuntswana amancinci abeka umngcipheko omkhulu kwimpilo; i-PM2.5 inokungena egazini nge-bronchi kunye ne-alveoli, apho iigesi ezinobungozi ezinyibilikisiweyo kunye neentsimbi ezinzima zibangela umonakalo omkhulu kwimpilo yabantu.

Iqela lophando lichithe iminyaka eli-18 lilandela kwaye lihlalutya iirekhodi zempilo zabemi baseMelika abazizigidi ezingama-27.8 abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu, bethelekisa idatha yongcoliseko lomoya wasekuhlaleni ngekhowudi yeposi ukuze bahlole ulwalamano phakathi kwe-PM2.5 kunye ne-Alzheimer's. Ngaphambili, uluntu lwezenzululwazi ngokubanzi lwalukholelwa ukuba ungcoliseko lomoya lunokunyusa umngcipheko ngokungathanga ngqo ngokubangela iingxaki ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi okanye ukudakumba, kodwa olu phononongo lutsha luyayiguqula loo mbono.

Olu lwazi lukwatyhile nesiphumo esibalulekileyo: izigulana ezine-stroke zinomngcipheko ophezulu we-Alzheimer's. Abaphandi bachaze ukuba i-stroke yonakalisa umqobo wegazi-ubuchopho, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba amasuntswana e-PM2.5 okanye abalamli bazo bokudumba bangene ebuchotsheni kwaye bandise umonakalo wemithambo-luvo. Izinto ezincinci zinokukhawulezisa utshintsho lwe-neurodegenerative ngokonakalisa ngokuthe ngqo izicubu zobuchopho, zibangele ukudumba kwenkqubo yomzimba, kwaye zikhuthaze ukuqokelelwa kweeproteni ezibangela izifo.

Nangona olu phononongo lokujonga lungakhange luqinisekise ngokupheleleyo ubudlelwane obubangela kwaye aluzange lubandakanye idatha yokuchatshazelwa kungcoliseko oluvela kwiindawo zangaphakathi okanye zomsebenzi, lubonelela ngendlela entsha yophando lwe-Alzheimer's etiology. Ingcali yezengqondo uSimone Reppermund waseYunivesithi yaseNew South Wales uvakalise ukuba olu phononongo lubonisa ukubaluleka kweendawo ezisempilweni zoluntu ekuthinteleni i-dementia, ingakumbi kubantu abadala abachitha ixesha elininzi kwindawo abahlala kuyo kwaye bejongene nemingcipheko ephezulu yokuwohloka kwengqondo.

Okwangoku, akukho nyango lwesifo i-Alzheimer's. Olu phononongo lunika uluntu lwezemfundo ukuqonda okubanzi ngakumbi ngezinto ezibangela umngcipheko kwaye lubonelela ngembono entsha malunga nokuthintela—ukuphucula umgangatho womoya kunokuba yindlela ebalulekileyo yokunciphisa umngcipheko we-Alzheimer's.

Okwangoku, iinkqubo zomoya omtsha zisebenzisa iintlobo ezimbini zobuchwepheshe bokucoca i-PM2.5:
1. Ukuhluza ngoomatshini: Ukusebenzisa izihluzi ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu ukuze kuthintelwe amasuntswana emoyeni.
2. Umbane ohamba ngombane: Ukusebenzisa umbane ohamba ngombane ophezulu ukufunxa izinto ezincinci ezingcolisa ukungcola.

Iingenelo kunye neengozi zeendlela zombini:
1. Iingenelo zokuhluza ngoomatshini:
Utyalo-mali oluphantsi lokuqala, ukusebenza okuzinzileyo, ukhuseleko oluphezulu, kunye nokugcinwa okulula (ukutshintshwa kwesihluzo esilula).
2. Iingxaki: Ifuna iindleko eziphindaphindayo zokutshintshwa kwesihluzo; ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhluza kuphantsi kancinci kuneteknoloji ye-electrostatic.

1. Iingenelo ze-Electrostatic Precipitation: Isiphumo esihle kakhulu sokucoca kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokugcinwa kwexesha elide.
2. Iingxaki: Utyalo-mali olukhulu lokuqala, ukusebenza okungazinzanga, kuvelisa izixa ezimbalwa ze-ozone, kwaye zithwala iingozi ezithile zokhuseleko (nangona iimpawu ezidumileyo zigcina amanqanaba e-ozone ngaphakathi kwemida yokhuseleko).

Hayi. Uphando lwamva nje lubonisa ukuba i-PM2.5 yonyusa umngcipheko we-Alzheimer ngeendlela ezithe ngqo, ngaphandle kwezinye iingxaki zempilo ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi okanye ukudakumba.

Istroke singonakalisa umqobo wegazi-ubuchopho, sivumele amasuntswana amancinci anobungozi okanye izinto ezibangela ukudumba ukuba zingene ebuchotsheni ngokulula kwaye zikhawulezise umonakalo wemithambo-luvo.

Kuxhomekeke kwinto oza kuyibeka phambili. Izihluzo zoomatshini zikhuselekile kwaye kulula ukuzigcina kodwa zifuna ukuthenga izihluzo ezintsha. Iinkqubo ze-electrostatic zinokucoca okungcono kwaye zinciphisa iindleko eziphindaphindayo kodwa zinokuvelisa i-trace ozone.